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Introduction
Energy conservation is an essential aspect of everyday lives due to the increased exploitation of the energy sources. It is necessary to have alternative sources of power for sustainability purposes. There are many sources of the alternative energy Donta Hall Jersey , but the most reliable is from sunlight that forms the basis of solar photovoltaic technology. The basic definition of solar photovoltaic technologies is the systems with an ability to convert energy from sunlight directly into electricity by use of large solar panels.
The technology involves the absorption of the solar photons and conversion of part of their energy to electricity or storing part of the energy in a chemical reaction. The conversion principle has a basis on the photoelectric effect that describes the release of the positive and negative charge carriers in solid state upon striking a surface. The photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices have the ability to convert the energy from the sun into electrical energy thereby called solar cells. The PV systems are important parts of everyday lives. They provide power for the small consumer items like calculators as well as the complex systems for communication satellites, water pumps, lights Dazon Ingram Jersey , and other machines. It provides the most economical and least expensive form of electricity for their appliances.

Working Principle of Solar Photovoltaic
Solar cells have various semiconducting materials. Semiconductors are the materials that become electrically conductive when under supply of light or heat but behave like insulators at low temperatures. A significant number of the solar cells in use have silicon as the semiconductor material. The production of a solar cell from a semiconductor material requires doping with either p-or n-chemical elements that are in the form of conducting semiconductor layers. The addition of doping material creates an interior, electric field that leads to the separation of the charge carriers from light energy. The solar cells use metal contacts to tap electric charge that flows as direct current upon closing of the outer circuit (Chow, 2010).

The exposure of certain semiconducting materials to sunlight makes them release small quantities of electricity. The process is photoelectric and refers to the emission of electrons from the surface of a metal in response to irradiation by light energy. It forms the basic physical process for the photovoltaic cell to convert sunlight into electricity.
The rays of the sun comprise of photons called particles of solar energy. The photos have different levels of energy that corresponds to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. After striking the PV cell Daniel Giddens Jersey , the photons undergo reflection, absorption, or pass right through. The absorbed photons are responsible for the generation of electricity. The energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell. After acquiring the energy Collin Sexton Jersey , the electron moves from its position in the atom of the semiconductor material; thereby joining the current in the electrical circuit. It leaves a hole from its original position that requires filling thereby constituting a flow of electrons which is current. The electrical properties of the PV cell make the generated voltage support an external load.
At present, a significant population in the world use power for their homes and businesses by use of individual solar PV systems (Razykov, Ferekides Braxton Key Jersey , Morel, Stefanakos, Ullal & Upadhyaya Avery Johnson Jr. Jersey , 2011). The utility companies also use PV technology for the large power stations. The solar panels mostly used have m